Tracking Specified Output Signals and Optimal Trajectory for Hypersonic Aircraft
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70112/arme-2025.14.2.4293Keywords:
Hypersonic Aircraft, Trajectory Tracking, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Linear Quadratic Output Regulator (LQRY), Optimal ControlAbstract
This article explores the intricate challenge of optimally tracking a desired trajectory within the context of hypersonic transport aircraft flight dynamics. The proposed methodology is based on Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) theory. An advanced tracking system is then integrated into the hypersonic aircraft closed-loop control system, utilizing a controller designed using Linear Quadratic Output Regulator (LQRY) theory. The flight dynamics of the hypersonic aircraft demonstrate the capability to track the desired output trajectory while maintaining dynamic stability. The article also includes results for tracking an optimal minimum-fuel trajectory and an optimal minimum-time trajectory. The work proposes precise speed profiles required for the aircraft to ascend to a designated altitude with optimal efficiency. The hypersonic aircraft adequately tracks both trajectories, demonstrating robustness and versatility in navigating complex flight conditions.
References
[1] Y. Ding, X. Yue, G. Chen, and J. Si, “Review of control and guidance technology on hypersonic vehicle,” Chinese J. Aeronaut., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1–18, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2021.10.037 .
[2] J. Zhao and R. Zhou, “Reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle satisfying complex constraints,” Chinese J. Aeronaut., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1544–1553, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2013.10.009.
[3] G. Kumar, D. Penchalaiah, A. Sarkar, and S. Taloe, “Hypersonic boost-glide vehicle trajectory optimization using genetic algorithm,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 118–123, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.05.020.
[4] Y. Ma, B. Pan, C. Hao, and S. Tang, “Improved sequential convex programming using modified Chebyshev–Picard iteration for ascent trajectory optimization,” Aerospace Sci. Technol., vol. 120, Art. no. 107234, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2021.107234.
[5] L. Pan, S. Peng, Y. Xie, Y. Liu, and J. Wang, “3D guidance for hypersonic reentry gliders based on analytical prediction,” Acta Astronaut., vol. 167, pp. 42–51, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.07.039.
[6] B. Zhang, S. Tang, and B. Pan, “Multi-constrained suboptimal powered descent guidance for lunar pinpoint soft landing,” Aerospace Sci. Technol., vol. 48, pp. 203–213, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2015.11.018.
[7] R. Chai, A. Tsourdos, A. Savvaris, S. Chai, and Y. Xia, “Trajectory planning for hypersonic reentry vehicle satisfying deterministic and probabilistic constraints,” Acta Astronaut., vol. 177, pp. 30–38, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.06.051.
[8] T. Zhang, H. Su, and C. Gong, “hp-adaptive RPD based sequential convex programming for reentry trajectory optimization,” Aerospace Sci. Technol., vol. 130, Art. no. 107887, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2022.107887.
[9] H. Zhou, X. Wang, and N. Cui, “Glide trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicles via dynamic pressure control,” Acta Astronaut., vol. 164, pp. 376–386, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.08.012.
[10] D. McLean and Z. Zaludin, “Stabilization of longitudinal motion of a hypersonic transport aircraft,” Trans. Inst. Meas. Control, vol. 21, no. 2–3, pp. 99–105, 1999, doi: 10.1177/014233129902100206.
[11] Z. A. Zaludin, “Regaining loss in dynamic stability after control surface failure for an air-breathing hypersonic aircraft flying at Mach 8.0,” Asian Rev. Mech. Eng., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2021, doi: 10.51983/arme-2021.10.1.2961.
[12] Z. A. Zaludin, “Sensor and process noises reduction using a Luenberger state estimator with a stability augmentation system for a hypersonic transport aircraft,” Asian Rev. Mech. Eng., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 40–52, 2022, doi: 10.51983/arme-2022.11.1.3346.
[13] F. Chavez and D. Schmidt, “Analytical aeropropulsive/aeroelastic hypersonic-vehicle model with dynamic analysis,” J. Guid. Control Dyn., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1308–1319, 1994, doi: 10.2514/3.21349.
[14] M. Athans and P. L. Falb, “The design of optimal linear systems with quadratic criteria,” in Optimal Control – An Introduction to the Theory and Its Applications, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1966.
[15] D. Schmidt and J. Hermann, “Use of energy-state analysis on a generic air-breathing hypersonic vehicle,” J. Guid. Control Dyn., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 71–76, 1998.
[16] D. Schmidt, “Mission performance, guidance and control of a generic air-breathing launch vehicle,” Adv. Astronaut. Sci., vol. 92, Art. no. AAS 96-023, pp. 243–262, 1996.
[17] Z. A. Zaludin, “Mathematical model of an aircraft flying over a range of hypersonic speeds and heights,” Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Southampton University, Tech. Rep. AASU 98/01, 1998.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Centre for Research and Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
