Development and Analysis of Sisal and Plantain Fibre Hybrid Composites for Pipeline Flange Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70112/arme-2024.13.2.4272Keywords:
Hybrid Polymer Composite, Sisal/Plantain Fibres, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Mechanical Properties, Hand Layup TechniqueAbstract
This study investigates the creation of a pipeline flange using a hybrid polymer composite made from sisal and plantain fibre particles. Sisal/plantain hybrid composites are affordable, lightweight, and exhibit adequate mechanical properties, making them accessible and user-friendly. These natural fibres serve as effective alternatives to synthetic options and hold considerable potential to replace traditional steel materials. The sisal and plantain fibres were processed into particles sized between 300-500 μm. The hybrid composites were fabricated using the traditional hand layup technique, incorporating various percentage combinations of sisal and plantain fibres in laminates made from unsaturated polyester resin. The resulting laminate samples underwent a series of tests, including tensile, flexural, impact, compressive, and hardness tests, to evaluate their mechanical properties based on different fibre ratios. A ratio of 75% sisal to 25% plantain fibres yielded optimal performance, achieving a tensile strength of 10.2 MPa, a compression strength of 96.7 MPa, and a Rockwell hardness number of C19, indicating strong resistance to brittle fractures. The sisal/plantain fibre polyester composite flange produced at this ratio was further analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), providing insights into its structural behavior under varying pressure conditions. As pressure increased from 30 psi to 300 psi, the maximum von Mises stress in the flange rose steadily, peaking at 7.894 MPa at 300 psi. This result indicates a proportional response to mechanical loads, demonstrating that the hybrid materials significantly enhance the flange's structural integrity. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis identified silicon (Si) as the predominant element in the sisal/plantain hybrid composite, whereas the cast iron sample was primarily composed of iron (Fe). Additionally, observations under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a strong interfacial bond in the sisal/plantain fibre hybrid polyester composites, confirming their suitability for flange production. The standard sisal/plantain polymer hybrid flange was fabricated using the traditional hand layup method. It features a diameter of 150 mm, four bolts, 16 mm diameter holes, and a flange thickness of 25.4 mm, based on the 75%:25% fibre ratio.
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